For these simulations, we used temperature records from six sites on four lakes that had daily temperature data available (Figure 3). Voutilainen, A. et al. Kaskesniemi was sampled at an interval of 2 to 4m, Noljakansaaret at an interval of 2m, and both Pyhsaari and Kokonluoto at an interval of 5m depth. earlier, . Sci. Lake Plusssee, located in northern Germany, was sampled weekly since 1985 at depths of 0 to 15m with intervals of 1m and at 20, 25, and 26m. The samples were obtained from the middle of the lake, above the deepest spot. Hydrol. The samples were obtained from a designated mid-lake sampling location using a YSI temperature/oxygen meter (Model 58), Biospherical Cosine Irradiance (BIC) radiometer, or a Profiling Ultraviolet (PUV) radiometer29. Specialty Inn. Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, Lake Wingra, and Fish Lake are in southern Wisconsin. 25, 284296 (2009). Lake values were the mean of all months within the appropriate time period to match the sampling period (e.g., July-August-September for northern hemisphere summer, January-February-March for northern hemisphere winter), see Section G below) for a given year for the single grid cell that contained the sampling location for the lake. Water temperature was measured at different depths from the top to the bottom of the lake. 2014 This allows for more accurate estimates of the 3-month summer means. Exceptions included large bodies of water, such as Lake Superior and the Caspian Sea, which included an average of the grid cells that surrounded these lakes (because we used a land-based air temperature dataset, grid cells that were over only water did not have data). years 4, 1137 1968). From 1986 to 1991, Crosson, Harp, Heney and Plastic Lakes were sampled fortnightly throughout the ice-free season, with the remaining lakes sampled monthly. We gather the data about all the spots in the United States and gradually process it and update our maps. Taylor, M. W. & Hams, K. M. The physical and chemical limnology of Lake McConaughy with reference to fisheries management (Nebraska Technical Series No.9, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, 1981). Effects of changing climate on zooplankton and juvenile sockeye salmon growth in southwestern Alaska. The date of the first sample for each of the 20000 datasets was chosen as a random date in June and then the following samples were equally spaced in time starting from that date. Summary While samples were obtained from a single station near the centre of Lake Washington, they were obtained from six stations distributed across Lake Aleknagik. Queens Printer for Ontario, 2007). Data We use the term summer throughout to refer to these time periods (JAS or JFM) depending upon location of the lake. Keyes, an evangelical Christian, was also finance chairman of the National Association of Evangelicals and a founder of the Presbyterian Church in America. Overall, however, the SRB data show a lower mean bias across 36 global sites (5.5Wm2; 1.9%) (ref. Sharma, S. Long Term Ecological Research Network https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/379a6cebee50119df2575c469aba19c5 (2015) et al. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. An interesting fact about Lake Santeetlah's population is that the median age is relatively high at 70.3 years old, which is almost double the state average. reports Water Resour. Hope Valley, Little Para, and Tod were sampled at a depth of 0m, Warren at depths of 0, 5, and 10m, Happy Valley at 0, 5, 10 and 15m, Beetaloo at depths of 0, 10 and 15m, Millbrook and South Para at 0, 10, and 20m, Barossa at 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25m, Mount Bold and Myponga at 0, 10, 20 and 30m, and Kangaroo Creek Reservoir at 0, 10, and 30m. All samples were obtained from sites adjacent to the dam wall. National Water Information System: Web Interface. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Theory, modeling and interalgorithm comparison. Sudbury area lakes have been sampled by the Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit at Laurentian University, under the supervision of two research scientists, Bill Keller and Norman Yan. for Lake Santeetlah, North Carolina Lake Santeetlah, NC - Weather forecast from Theweather.com. Lough Feeagh, located in County Mayo, Ireland was sampled daily from the surface at less than 1m depth. The mean summer temperature for each lake was then calculated by taking the mean of those daily estimates. The vertical profiler uses a YSI 6600v2 instrument while the thermistor string used Hydrolab instrumentation. 00010 Temperature, water(Max.,Min.,Mean) 00045 Precipitation(Sum) 00060 Discharge(Max.,Min.,Mean) . years Shuter, B. J., Schlesinger, D. A. From 2004 to present, a StowAway TidbiT temperature data logger from Onset (TBI32-05+37) was used. & Yacobi, Y. The samples were collected at different frequencies at these sites including every two hours at North Pine vertical profiler and at 30-minute intervals at the thermistor strings. Lake Annecy was sampled at depths of 2.5 and 5m, Lake Bourget at depths of 0, 2, and 5m, and Lake Geneva at 0, 2.5, and 5m. Water temperatures were recorded in the morning between 9:00 and 11:30 using thermometers and multiparameter probes. The physical impact of the late 1980s climate regime shift on Swiss rivers and lakes. The median age was 61 years. A sampling interval of 1 indicates that temperature measurements were collected daily, while an interval of 34 indicates one temperature measurement every 34 days. Data for Plusssee were collected by the Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology, Ploen until 2006. Article 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. Apparently Keyes hoped to build a large hotel complex in the area of the community now known as Chalet Village, and that area was graded in preparation for building. However, there are some regions, such as around the Great Lakes region of North America and northern Europe, in which bodies of water are warming more rapidly than ambient air11,12. Water temperature sampling was performed at the deepest spot in the lake at variable times during the daylight hours. will Africa Eurasia North America Oceania South America lake reservoir, Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format). Merchant, C. J., Harris, A. R., Murray, M. J. Water temperature; Wave heights; Radar & Lightning Radar & Lightning Radar. We retrieved air temperature data at a height of 2m for each lake using the RNCEP package, a user-friendly package for use in the R programming language66. Generally, for lakes situated in the Northern Hemisphere we used the period of 1 July30 September (JAS); whereas, in the Southern Hemisphere, we used 1 January31 March (JFM). An Ecolab Templine was used between February 14, 2008 and September 15, 2010 and a Fondriest thermistor chain was used from February 14, 2011 to present. However, at broad spatial scales, climatic factors have a larger influence on surface water temperatures than lake morphology17. Gui, S., Liang, S., Wang, K., Li, L. & Xiaotong, Z. Water Water from Santeetlah Lake, 7.5 mi upstream, is diverted to hydro powerplant on the Little Tennessee River, which bypasses gage. water Oceanogr. Preparing lake level chart. J. Hydrometeorol. be From 19912010, a temperature sensor of an oxygen probe was used (WTW Oxi 197S, Weilheim, Germany)43. Effects of climatic warming on lakes of the central Boreal Forest. In this manner, we were able to construct a relationship between sampling interval and error in our temperature estimates (Figure 4). By Charles Wellington. Ymp 566, 1115 (2002). Data used in this study have not previously been published, however, methods of collection and manipulation for harmonization are described in detail for each lake above and in the metadata. Chang. Manhattan, NY 48 F Mostly Cloudy. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Surface water was defined as between 0 and 1m below the surface for most lakes. Lake Taihu, located near Shanghai, China was sampled monthly at a depth of 0.20.5m. The samples were obtained at two locations near the lake centre and two locations in Meiliang Bay. Only 13% have sampling intervalsonce every 30 days (Figure 5). & Zimmerman, A. P. Empirical predictors of annual surface water temperature cycles in North American lakes. 1144 (2011). URL: https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/wys_rpt? https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Santeetlah&oldid=1000692201, Bodies of water of Graham County, North Carolina, Protected areas of Graham County, North Carolina, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without image bathymetry, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 07:01. The lodge, with its two faux totem poles, became "the heartbeat of Thunderbird Mountain Resort" with activities that included square dancing, bingo, movies, and church services, as well as a place "to gather together when the mail was delivered. Menu. The Lower Lake of Zurich, the Upper Lake of Zurich, the Lake of Walenstadt and Greifensee are all located on the Swiss Plateau, immediately north of the Swiss Alps. The mean summer surface temperature for each lake was then calculated by taking the mean of those daily estimates. NDBC Dial-A-Buoy Information. 81, 15251536 (2000). NDBC Buoy and C-Man reports. Water. & Tulonen, T. Plankton metabolism and sedimentation in a small boreal lakea long-term perspective. Gage datum was revised onOctober 01, 2021,based on an error in the determination of the gage datum. To obtain format. Water temperatures were recorded in the morning with a handheld YSI or Hydrolab thermistor. Vertical profiles were taken in the morning (10:0012:00) at the deepest location of the lake (69m). Copyright TWC Product and Technology LLC 2014, 2023. Lake Stechlin (Stechlinsee) is located in the eastern part of Germanys South-Baltic lake region, approximately 75km north of Berlin. Water temperatures were measured in situ with either a YSI or Hydrolab data sonde in the morning, and calibration was done on the day or week of sampling against National Bureau of Standards thermometers. Water temperatures have increased over recent decades coinciding with changing air temperatures, with a few exceptions. Ambrosetti, W. & Barbanti, L. Temperature, heat content, mixing and stability in Lake Orta: A pluriannual investigation. For Water temperatures were collected at 8:00 with mercury thermometers (with an accuracy of 0.5C) prior to the 1990s and with digital thermometers in the 1990 and 2000s (ref. The samples were obtained from the region with greatest water depth within each lake. Inl. Cleveland, W. S. Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots. for Suom. ATSR-1, ATSR-2 and AATSR stopped acquiring useful data in 1996, 2003, and 2012, respectively. B.D., Stephanie E. Hampton and P.S. Article Water temperature conditions of lakes and rivers in Finland in the 20th century. RealFeel 81. Winder, M., Reuter, J. E. & Schladow, S. G. Lake warming favours small-sized planktonic diatom species. Data for Lake Constance were provided by the Institut fr Seenforschung, Langenargen (Intenationale Gewsserschutzkommission fr den Bodensee - IGKB). and Although there were equipment upgrades over the years, there have been no substantive change to equipment55. WDR NC-04-1: 2002 (annual maximum discharge). Schneider, P. et al. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Found. The figure shows interpolation conducted with temperature measurements conducted at an interval of once every 10 days (panel a), once every 20 days (panel b), or once every 30 days (panel c). 496, 4756 (2013). Sky Pond, located in Loch Vale watershed northwest of Denver, Colorado, United States, was sampled at Sky Pond outlet where Sky Pond drains to Icy Brook. Near real-time nowcasts and forecasts of winds, waves, currents, and water temps. For all of the other sampling intervals we calculated the difference between the true mean and the mean calculated with interpolation. Glob. In order to estimate the amount of error attributable to differences in sampling interval, we designed bootstrap simulations in the R programming language. Considerable regulation at times caused by Santeetlah Dam, 7.5 mi upstream. This avoided any possible bias due to contamination from mixed pixels containing both land and water. Water temperature sampling was performed between 8:00 to 10:00, usually at 9:15. Oceanogr. Korhonen, J. Lakes Inari and Kevojrvi are located in the northernmost Lapland Province. Hydrobiologia 731, 1929 (2014). Stubenrauch, C. J. et al. Privacy Weather overview for Lake Santeetlah (Graham County, North Carolina, United States): detailed weather forecasts, 14 days trend, current rain/snow radar, storm tracking, current observations, satellite images, model charts and much more. Fee, E. J., Hecky, R. E., Kasian, S. E. M. & Cruikshank, D. R. Effects of lake size, water clarity, and climatic variability on mixing depths in Canadian Shield lakes. After 1992, sampling depth for Lake Ocheechobee changed from 0 to 0.5m. Water temperature sampling was performed in the morning with a YSI multi-parameter in situ water analyzer. Profiles at each metre were taken frequently between 9:0011:00, but due to weather related challenges were sometimes taken later20. which is a beach area that has gradual slopes in the depth of the water as well as markers to keep kids and others in a confined area. Assoc. Am. To ensure that the geomorphometric data in the completed dataset were accurate we had several individuals independently check the values against reputable sources. Therefore, variation among the simulated datasets for each sampling interval was driven by random variation in the choice of the initial sampling date. A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 19852009. Boreal Environ. Water temperatures were recorded at a site 60m along the outflow draining straight out of the lake33. Geophys. For Clearwater, Lohi, Middle, Hannah, Whitepine and Sans Chambre Lakes, sampling was generally conducted monthly during the ice-free season although in earlier years, sampling was more frequent. July is the hottest month for Lake Santeetlah with an average high temperature of 84.0, which ranks it as one of the coolest places in North Carolina. Data were collected at 25min intervals at multiple depths from the surface to the bottom in increments from less than 1m to approximately 5m; surface water measurements were made at 0.5m. Water temperatures were recorded using a Lake Diagnostic System (LDS) with PME thermistor chain typically moored at the deepest point in the reservoirs and close to the dam wall. Article summarize 14, 19471958 (2008). The average temperature in Lake Santeetlah in . Leech, D. M., Williamson, C. E., Moeller, R. E. & Hargreaves, B. R. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the seasonal vertical distribution of zooplankton: a database analysis. We sent an email to each of the data providers containing the relevant data for their lake(s) along with a request to validate the values that we have included in the completed dataset. IEEE Geosci. Ecology 86, 198209 (2005). A. Lake Lappajrvi is located in the municipalities of Lappajrvi, Alajarvi, and Vimpeli, in southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. An average temperature was only computed if at least 20 valid cloud-free satellite retrievals were available in a given 3-month period, to ensure that the observations adequately characterize the temperature curve. The samples were obtained from near the Kingsley Dam24. Am. Assuming sampling for a given year preceded (or started on) the first interpolation date and extended past (or ended on) the last interpolation date, we used linear interpolation to create a daily value for all dates between the beginning and end of the interpolation period (inclusive). Lake Reserv. 26, 129 (1981). All remaining authors provided water temperature and geomorphometric data, summarized how data were acquired and sampled, verified data, and revised the manuscript. Increases in the amount of incoming solar radiation increase average lake temperatures14. sites Lake Santeetlah, July, has days with highs of 87F (31C) and lows of 66F (19C).The coldest month, January has days with highs of 45F (7C) and lows . 48). We collected latitude, longitude, elevation, surface area, volume, mean depth, and maximum depth for each lake, if available (Table 1). through - See 189 traveler reviews, 75 candid photos, and great deals for Robbinsville, NC, at Tripadvisor. year Summary 52). Whilst the town does get an average of 61 inches of rain a year, it also gets 204 sunny days on average. parameter B 276, 427435 (2009). [24], The nearby Cheoah River is noted for its Class IV and V whitewater rapids, available for use approximately seventeen days a year depending on the water-release schedule from Santeetlah Dam. This indicator accounts for these types of variations by focusing on long-term trends over 25 years of data. Oceanogr. Dokulil, M. T. Predicting summer surface water temperatures for large Austrian lakes in 2050 under climate change scenarios. Lake Kinneret in Israel was sampled weekly from 1969 and every 10min from 1996 to present at a depth of 5cm (surface). Water temperature sampling was usually performed in the mornings with a temperature probe (OXI191 from WTW)39. R Development Core Team. Water temperatures were recorded at 10:00 with a STD-12 (Applied Micro-systems), with an error of 0.005 degrees C. The equipment was replaced several times49. choose The term winter refers to the 3-month period opposite summer in the calendar year. led development and information acquisition for manuscript. Temperature data were collected near the deepest part of the lake using a Hydrolab Quanta thermistor deployed by the Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute. Satellite observations indicate rapid warming trend for lakes in California and Nevada. Lake Santeetlah, part of the Tennessee River watershed, was created in 1928 when Alcoa dammed the Cheoah River as a means of generating hydroelectric power in Graham County, North Carolina. Limnol. Bull. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Lake-specific properties, including depth, surface area, and volume can mediate the effects of these climate drivers and influence lake temperatures13. Thank you for visiting nature.com. 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